Mass Media Creates Rather Than Reflects Social Reality Media Essay Essay Example

Mass Media Creates Rather Than Reflects Social Reality Media Essay Paper The modern society is surrounded by different types of media that present many-sided information. This is done in a gratuitous mode whether with or without the consent of the audience. It has been argued by some that the media s function has extended from the conventional contemplation of social values to the creative activity of new values. This is a complex and controversial affair though. However, this article s concluding base is that the media is an amplifier of implicit in social values. Some of the content is distorted, even though one can non toss off play the built-in significance of the media s belonging to the society ( Lull, 2000, p. 37 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media Creates Rather Than Reflects Social Reality Media Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media Creates Rather Than Reflects Social Reality Media Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media Creates Rather Than Reflects Social Reality Media Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The media has quickly developed with the coming in information engineering. It has become easier to entree information in modern-day times than it was some few decennaries ago. This has been through smart appliances and engineerings such as phones, and the cyberspace, and societal networking sites such as Facebook, My Space, and Tweeter among others. Virtually everything is traveling e , from e-mails to e-newspapers. This has made it so easy to pass on ; you could easy talk your head and even demo the universe what you ve got through YouTube ( Kuerschner, 2006, p.11 ) . When one is sitting in their life room to watch music picture from MTV, different readings arise, but one thing is common-MTV clearly displays the manner music has developed. MTV has by and large been a symbol of those who are immature and jaunty. The music, the life style of blame stars, stone stars, dad stars have liberally set new standards, which are seriously followed by the immature. MTV has increased its presence in oriental states ; this has been observed as an invasion from the West and a devastation of conventional values. There has been a creative activity of new styles of walking, speaking, vesture, and accordingly believing for the immature oriental heads. For illustration, MTV s epoch in Japan is rapidly associated with the birth of the rebellious Nipponese striplings. However, it is unfeignedly incorrect to believe that the MTV itself creates world from nowhere or to reason that the MTV is responsible for all alterations in the modern-day technologically advanced Japa n. The MTV has really been successful in the western universe, and so in the remainder of the universe merely because it has continued to back up and amplify the values that are inherently held and nurtured by these societies. The modern-day society is more broad, more self-generated, and more rebellious ; this may be as a consequence of industrialisation, and the media serves as an amplifier of such values. If the modern media would alternatively presume a more conservative figure, the expected consequence would be its extinction. ( Connell, 1995, p. 9 ) Information has a important consequence on people lives. For illustration watching the universe cup can do one to see a gamut of emotions, a sense of delectation, jitteriness and even bitterness at the same clip. Watching films can take person s head off from world ; this may convey inspiration to make move in a certain manner. Therefore, information has created a myriad of avenues to the society but at the same clip the society has become to a great extent dependent on these avenues ( Newbold et al. , 2002, p. 31 ) . The movie devising industry is another notable illustration. Several alterations have occurred in this industry and the modern cinematography industry has witnessed extremist alterations in the physical visual aspect of histrions and actresses. Main actresses have become symbols of beauty. Modern films depict beauty as tall and slim. More grounds can be seen from the modern postings and magazine screens display of images of adult females. The societal appetency and gustatory sensation for the adult female organic structure have truly changed over clip. The figure of a adult male is displayed as tall and good built ( Parenti 1990, p. 6 ) . The media has significantly propagated a certain type of beauty. Think about it this manner, what if the media starts to advance short and fat theoretical account of beauty, would it be successful? This inquiry may have more No than yes , this means a uncertainty in the ability of the media to make the beauty that is non inherently held by the soc iety. Another illustration is watching a film of the hero robbing a bank with dramatic inventiveness ; this instills negative messages into the multitudes ( McGillion, C. , 2003, p. 33 ) . Generally stealing is incorrect, but the hero of the film walks out free, and goes to hold fun without any scruples. Such films create negative values that are against the rules of honestness ( Barr, 2000, para.2 ) . However, the media plays a important function in showing facts and worlds say from newspapers on development, finance, justness, poorness, e.t.c, which are existent contemplations of what is go oning in the society ( Newbold, 2002, pp. 219 ) . The values and outlook of the society is displayed as a whole instead than as an person. Renowned scholar James Curran argued that The strong belief aˆÂ ¦ that the media are of import bureaus of influence is loosely right. However, the ways in which the media exert influence are complex and contingent ( p. 158 ) . For illustration the manner the media has reported on terrorist act has truly instilled fright in the heads of people ( Cozens, 2006 ) . The abhorrence of terrorist act has on the other manus turned others into pacificist. The media is arguably the most of import signifier of showing positions and it is itself a potpourri of person s and society s positions ( Fiske 1989, p. 127 ) . With all these said, some view the media as being broad but a closer analysis reveals otherwise, the proprietors of media mercantile establishments are non broad themselves. Media mercantile establishments are concerns that are kept afloat by advertisement grosss. It is true that some media mercantile establishments do a good occupation of being impartial. But when a Television station backs a political campaigner who is sponsored by concern heavy weights it must pay the monetary value ( Kalathi, S, 2004, p.40 ) . Money of class straight buys influence as a consequence it affects how media covers a certain event ( Price, 2002, p. 13 ) . It is a medium for the opinion category to perpetuate their power, wealth and position ( Barr, 2000, p. 17 ) . Therefore, the media in this sense does non reflect world ( Curran, 2002, p. 45 ) . Decision The thesis of this paper is that the media does play a function in making world from underlying social values. Therefore, the media can non make values of its ain. The article puts the comparative advantage and disadvantage of the power of the media in making world, with an accent on the manner the society has inherently allowed this to go on.

The Legal Issues of the Traditional Workplace

The Legal Issues of the Traditional Workplace Introduction Occupational health and safety laws coupled with human resources laws ensure that the workplace is ideal for the modern-day worker. Such laws guarantee a safe environment that is devoid of any discrimination, which is a shift from the traditional workplace where labour laws did not consider the plight of employees. In this essay, five articles relating to the laws will be discussed with the aim of examining the legal issues raised therein.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on The Legal Issues of the Traditional Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discrimination in the workplace Discrimination at the workplace is a serious offence under the aforementioned laws and offenders face strict penalties and imprisonment. In this section, an example of an article detailing discrimination at the workplace is discussed. The article published in the New York Amsterdam News explores a case in which the US Supreme Court was to decide on the extent to which an employer could be held liable for discrimination (Jamie, 2013). In the case, Vance v. Ball State University, Maetta Vance complains of being discriminated by a supervisor in the institution. The cause of disagreement is in the definition of the term ‘supervisor’ with Vance claiming that the university employee who discriminated her was her supervisor in the Banquet and Catering Department where she worked (Jamie, 2013). The case was filed in the year 2006 after Vance accused the institution of not reacting and carrying out any disciplinary action against the supervisor who racially and ethnically discriminated her. Discrimination could take place at the workplace on racial grounds as seen in Griggs v. Duke Power Co and in this case, the discrimination was rather direct (Larkin, Pierce, Gino, 2012).. According to Vance, the supervisor by the name Sandra Davis â€Å"created and fostered a hostile work environment by frequent ly making discriminatory remarks about her race and ethnicity† (Jamie, 2013, p.40). The case took the nature of other discrimination at the work place, such as Bradley v. Pizzaco of Nebraska, Inc. Ricci v. DeStefano, and EEOC v. Peoplemark, Inc. that had the basis of racial discrimination based on grooming policies, the requirement in tests and criminal reports respectively (Heather, Kevin, Jitendra, 2013). The issue brought into light the legal provisions for the case and according to Title VII, â€Å"employers arent liable for non-supervisors discriminatory conduct of the majority non-supervisors as long as they act reasonably enough to prevent discrimination from occurring and for any issues of discrimination brought to their attention† (Jamie, 2013, p. 40).Advertising Looking for article on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The university tried to shield itself from the suit by filing a mot ion for summary judgment to confirm, and this was an apt thing to do in its defence based on the available level of evidence (Wood, Braeken, Niven, 2013). The courts had previously discussed whether Vance was in order to state that Davis was her supervisor, with the various definitions of a supervisor being sought. The paper claims that the only evidence available as to Davis being Vance’s supervisor is that she â€Å"had the authority to direct Vance’s day to day activities† (Jamie, 2013, p. 40).The issue brought into sharp focus the description of the term ‘supervisor’. Under the Supreme Court, the definition of the term is rather broad and the court’s ruling was deemed a landmark ruling for trials cases that would follow on the same. This assertion holds as the litigation cases against employers would increase or decrease depending on the definition that the court would provide. Adoption of the broader definition of the term would mean em ployees make more suits against their employers based on the Title VII claims (Jamie, 2013). On the contrary, adoption of the narrower definition of the term as stated in the 7th Circuit would see a decline in the claims under Title VII (Jamie, 2013, p. 40). The 7th Circuit states, â€Å"Supervisors are individuals who have the power to hire, fire, demote, promote, transfer or discipline’ employees† (Jamie, 2013, p. 40). An institution is responsible for any discrimination that employees undergo in the same institution (Wood, Braeken, Niven, 2013). The employer should thus try to solve any discriminatory issues affecting the employees, with those responsible for the same facing strict punishment and legal action as per the legislation. Since the application of Title VII, plaintiffs have regularly used it as a means to pursue charges against the employers for alleged racial discrimination at the workplace (Heather, Kevin, Jitendra, 2013). The article details the defin ition of a supervisor under Title VII, and a broader and narrower definition for the same are explored. The author gives both definitions of the term, with the various consequences that applying each may have on future discrimination suits. Discrimination is a major source of legal battles, and employees constantly take their employers to court based on the same (Heather, Kevin, Jitendra, 2013). The definition of the term supervisor is thus of importance and the outcome of these cases could be determined by the same.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on The Legal Issues of the Traditional Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employer/Employee relationship The relationship between an employer and employees is a significant legal issue with different employees raising concern over their employers (Heather, Kevin, Jitendra, 2013). One such issue is evident in the rule that was meant to display the difference betwe en employers and employee pay. In an article by The Hill newspaper, the inclusion of one of the laws that require company CEOs to declare the difference between the salary of the average employees and theirs in a reform had brought chaos in the industry. The law is said to predate the Occupy Wall Street movement and most of the opponents state, â€Å"Salary data are difficult to collect and of no interest to investors† (Schroeder, 2012, p. 12). The inclusion of the regulation in the provisions means that if this element becomes law, the executive officers would have to bear with the knowledge of their remuneration being widely available in the public domain. The opponents and proponents of the requirements have varying views of the same, with those supporting it doing so based on the campaign agenda by the president, with the year of publishing being an election year (Schroeder, 2012). The proponents argue that the issue is a rather political one finding itself in the public domain and thus it requires further and sober evaluation without the political pressures (Schroeder, 2012). Some of the groups that supported the move according to the article include the various labour groups that are major players in the country and other Wall Street members (Allen, Ericksen, Collins, 2013).The major argument against the requirement is that it poses greater trouble than it would actually solve. The people concerned stated that the executive officers in the various industries would feel embarrassed and even cause some disturbance between employers and their employees (Allen, Ericksen, Collins, 2013). In the assessment of a company’s performance, investors use a number of parameters to evaluate the health of a company. The opponents of the requirement stated in the article that the requirement to have the average pay for the employees compared to the executive pay might not be one of the measures.Advertising Looking for article on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to them, the performance of a company is not indicated by the difference between the pay for executives and the average worker (Schroeder, 2012). The article focuses on the legislation with various people interviewed stating points for their support or lack thereof for the requirement. Some of the proponents state that the requirement was not dated with any deadline for implementation and would thus not be difficult to debate and apply (Schroeder, 2012). However, the opponents are said to be bent on using the senate to counter any political attempts to make the regulation apply (Schroeder, 2012). Labour laws are specific on the privileges that an employer and the employees enjoy, which should be respected by both parties, as well as other concerned parties. The steps that the employees may take if dissatisfied with their employer include lawsuits such as the one above, and these cover mainly the remuneration or the working conditions (Isolani, 2011). The major concern that the article portrays and describes is the advent of regulation in the industry, with the change cited to have an implication on the relationship between the employer and employee. The assumption and likely effect is the public display of executive’s remuneration, with the above likely to affect their work ethics and performance (Larkin, Pierce, Gino, 2012). The legislation that requiring secrecy of remuneration details of officers in the organisations will be turned inside out and this aspect will be a departure from the current held secrecy (Isolani, 2011). In the making of regulations affecting employees, the consideration of their relative pay is not important and so is the ratio of their pay to the executive officers. The article displays some of the major flaws in the labour laws and specifically in remuneration. However, it is not right that employers and the CEOs get their salaries exposed in public in the name of comparing this to that of their subordinate or averag e employees. The human resource law is particularly strict when it comes to the recruitment of employees in companies and their remuneration issues (Ehrhardt, Miller, Freeman, Hom, 2011). It provides for the respect of the basic rights and freedoms in the workplace (Park, Yang, McLean, 2008). The attempt to have the CEOs have their salaries compared to their average employees in the companies has no basis and is likely to embarrass them as suggested in the article. It is imperative that employers can force employees to state their salaries publicly. Vicarious Liability The acts of an organisation or of its employees may be punishable to the origination on behalf of those committing them by either commission or omission (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). Various laws and legislations around the world ensure that there is taking of responsibility for any action in the professional practice and one of the ways is the vicarious liability that allows people to make organisations accountable for the acts of their employees. In an article detailing the application of vicarious liability, a stage man is stated to have sued his mother company in the United States for allegedly being forced to inject controlled performance enhancing drugs in the clients in the belief that they would prolong their erections (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). The employee Ronald Baker sued the company after he allegedly pierced his finger while administering the drug to one of the clients, thus suffering the effects of the drug that were not known to him (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). The employers were not sure of what to do after the incident and the employee claimed that he feared to have contracted HIV, which was the main reason for him contacting them (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). He later realised that the drugs that they were giving were not appropriately prescribed, and immediately stopped giving them, which prompted the employer to withhold the employment benefits (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). In the suit, the em ployee states some of the reason for the suing as being the manner in which the managers handled the matter, the way in which they terminated his employment contract, and the violation that they had for the labour law (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). He also sued for the emotional distress that the event caused him, as well as the health effects that clients may have had without knowledge (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). The suit also included the suing of other employees who are also involved in the same activity and lawyers in the case stated that nurses did not give the injections, as the Californian law requires (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). The clients also do not know the effects of the injection and potential effects had not been investigated before administration of the drugs. The company is said to be in the adult entertainment industry, thus involved in the making of pornographic movies for the clients (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). The participants were described as getting many hours of erections, with this being regarded as beneficial for the company since they could make more movies for longer (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). The employee and his colleagues are directly responsible for the effects of the drugs, since they are involved in its administration. However, the managers are also responsible, despite showing little interest when contacted by the employee (Meredith, 2012, p. 11). The company was sued due to the matter by indicating the vicarious responsibility that it had over its employees. The occupational health and safety law and the human resource law are some of the laws that recognise vicarious liability. The crafting of the regulation in these laws allow the taking of responsibility for actions that employees of a company may take that may adversely affect the rights of other individuals. Before the regulation, employers could not be sued for the wrongs done by their employees, and this was unheard of as the various crimes committed before the regulation came into e ffect were enough to warrant its effect (Anselmi, 2012). Some of the cases of vicarious liability that have been reported in the past have ended with the plaintiff getting less of the sentence that they had anticipated. In the Lynch v. Binnacle Ltd. t/a Cavan Cos of cases with the same implications and structure are Reynolds v. Sheet Metal Workers Local and the case of Gregory v. Litton Systems. Another requirement in the occupational health and safety law and the human resources law is that the labourers should be adequately equipped with the tool necessary to perform their duties. In the case above, the guards were not necessarily equipped with the right tools to handle the detainees, and hence the injuries and stress suffered. The compensation that the guards seek in the article is also warranted, since it is evident that the labour laws were violated and harm caused to the employees. In any workplace, employees should ensure that the occupational health and safety law and the hu man resources law are adhered to in the work process. Workers’ Compensation Worker compensation is a significant part of everyday workplaces and the laws that have been put in place in business and trade have facilitated the increased number of compensation claims (Amirah et al. 2013; Burkhauser, Schmeiser, Weathers, 2012). In recent years, the number of people taking their employers or clients taking the companies to court seeking compensation has increased. In this section, an article that details a case of compensation is discussed with the relevant laws being applied. The article published in the Daily Mail in the year 2012 features a bank assistant who sued the bank she previously worked with. Susie Sheridan, according to the article, had exceeded her overdraft limit, but requested a computer in the branch she worked in to enable her to pay a direct debit (Martin, 2012, p. 22).The request was declined, but she proceeded to overrule the decision and through her account d id the same. The alert by the computer to the bank managers over the transaction cost her job with the dismissal being due to misappropriation of the banks resources. The boss in the dismissal letter also claimed that the manager illegally used her position to evade some of the costs incurred in the transaction and used her position to falsify details and overrule the previous decision (Martin, 2012, p. 22). Suzie took the bank to court on claims of unfair dismissal and hearing, and won the case. In her case, she stated that it was true that she accessed the bank account on the said date and that the reports that she instructed an illegal pay were correct (Martin, 2012, p. 22). She defended herself by stating that her salary would have been paid the next day, and that she had been able to access her finances the same way she intended the previous month through a direct debit (Martin, 2012, p. 22). The bank manager also stated that she had also accessed the account two weeks before t he incidence, with no action being taken by the bank. She also reported a policy in the bank that allowed the staff to access funds even when they exceeded their overdrafts (Martin, 2012, p. 22).The court ruled that her dismissal was wrong and that the money that the manager took could be paid since there was no indication that it would go unpaid. The judge also made a ruling citing the buffer zone that the bank allowed its employees (Martin, 2012, p. 22).The ruling also included the indication that though Sheridan made the transaction illegally, there was no indication that she falsified the details or even attempted to suppress any record as indicated in her dismissal letter. The case progressed for a considerable period with the bank fighting to make sure that the employee did not get the compensation that she sought. However, at the end of the case, the former employee was awarded â‚ ¬35,000 in compensation by the judge due to the trouble that she went through (Martin, 2012, p. 22). There has been many cases of employee compensation, with the bulk of employment cases leading to compensation (Isolani, 2011; Larkin, Pierce, Gino, 2012). Most of the cases in court are also in based on employee desire to get compensation for the problems or mistreatment incurred directly or indirectly at the workplace. Lynch v. Binnacle Ltd. t/a Cavan Co-op Mart is an example of cases that the employee sought to be compensated for incidents at the workplace, and though there was no compensation forthcoming, the intent was to have financial compensation in the end. Courts have recently encountered increased cases where the employee are suing their employers for due compensation for many incidents at the workplace. As stated earlier, the issue of employee compensation is a dominant one in courts, with many people seeking compensation for harm or any kind of injury that they may have suffered under the company that they sued. The observations of increased cases can be attribu ted to the changes in the employment law that have taken place in the last few decades. The provision under the many employment laws are responsible for the surge in the number of people seeking compensation in the courts and the occupational health and safety law and human resources law are some of the laws that govern the issues of employee compensation. In the case above, the bank is signatory to the human resource law base on its line of work and many countries around the world have adopted these laws in their system. The increase in the compensation claims is partly as a result of increased awareness on the side of employees where many employees are aware of the laws that have been formulated (Hong, Chin, Thomas, 2013; Backes-Gellner, Pull, 2013). The other reason for the increase in compensation claims could be the stringent laws that are in the many industries. However, the laws should be more specific on the extent to which employees and other individuals should be awarded , since most suits feature significantly large amounts of money that may not necessarily be equivalent to the suit (Isolani, 2011; Larkin, Pierce Gino, 2012). Nevertheless, organisations need to work with the laws in place to ensure that they are not taken to court for any wrongdoing. They should ensure that there is also documentation to act as evidence if such suits emerge. Reference List Allen, R., Ericksen, J., Collins, J. (2013). Human resource management, employee exchange relationships, and performance in small businesses. Human Resource Management, 52(2), 153-173. Amirah, N., Asma, W., Muda, M., Amin, W. (2013). Safety culture in combating occupational safety and health problems in the Malaysian manufacturing sectors. Asian Social Science, 9(3), 182-191. Anselmi, K. (2012). Ethics, Law, and Policy. Nurses personal liability vs. employers vicarious liability. MEDSURG Nursing, 21(1), 45-48. Backes-Gellner, U., Pull, K. (2013).Tournament compensation systems, employee heter ogeneity, and firm performance. Human Resource Management, 52(3), 375-398. Bradley v. Pizzaco of Nebraska, Inc., 7 F.3d 797, 798–99 (8th Cir. 1993). Burkhauser, V., Schmeiser, D., Weathers, R. (2012).The importance of anti-discrimination and workers compensation laws on the provision of workplace accommodations following the onset of a disability. Industrial Labour Relations Review, 65(1), 161-180. EEOC v. Peoplemark, Inc. 2011 U. S. Dist. LEXIS 38696 (2011). Ehrhardt, K., Miller, S., Freeman, J., Hom, W. (2011). An examination of the relationship between training comprehensiveness and organisational commitment: further exploration of training perceptions and employee attitudes. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(4), 459-489. Giliker, P. (2011). Vicarious liability or liability for the acts of others in tort: a comparative perspective. Journal of European Tort Law, 2(1), 31-56. Gregory v. Litton Systems, 316 F. supp. 401 9 C. D. Cal. 1970) modified on other grounds, 4 72 F. 2d 631 (9th Cir. 1972); Notice 915.061 EEOC, (Sept. 7, 1990). Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 401 U.S.424 (1971). Heather, S., Kevin, B., Jitendra, M. (2013).Discrimination in the workplace. Advances in Management, 6(2), 3-9. Hong, O., Chin, D., Thomas, E. (2013).Global occupational health and safety responsibilities of occupational health nurses based in the United States. Workplace Health Safety, 61(7), 287-295. Isolani, L. (2011). Occupational health and safety risk: role of the occupational health physician and of the public occupational health and safety services in the workplace. Italian Journal of Occupational Medicine andErgonomics, 33(3), 217-220. Jamie, B. (2013, June 8). Sexually harassed school worker awarded  £100,000. Daily Mail, p. 40. Larkin, I., Pierce, L., Gino, F. (2012). The psychological costs of pay-for-performance: Implications for the strategic compensation of employees. Strategic Management Journal, 33(10), 1194-1214. Lynch v. Binnacle Ltd. t/a Cavan C o-op Mart, [2011] IESC 8. Martin, F. (2012). Banker sacked in direct debt now wins â‚ ¬35k. Daily Mail, p.22. Meredith, M. (2012, October 14). Porn company sued over penis injections. San Francisco Chronicle, p.11. Morris, M. (2013). Trying to keep up: The Experience of Combining Full-Time VET with Work. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 53(1), 44-67. Paige, T. (2012, October 29). Staff stress disrupts juvenile jail, The Australian, p.9. Park, S., Yang, B., McLean, G. N. (2008). An Examination of Relationships between Managerial Coaching and Employee Development. Web. Parrott, A., Wiatrowski, W. (2013).Workplace safety and health profiles of occupations with green technology jobs. Monthly Labour Review, 136(1), 49-56. Reynolds v. Sheet Metal Workers Local 102, 498 F. Supp. 952, aff’d. , 702 F. 2d 221 (D.C. Cir. 1981). Ricci v. DeStefano, 129 S. Ct. 2658 (2009). Schroeder, P. (2012, February 2). Disputed rule intended to shame CEOs. The Hill, p. 12. Wood, S., Braeken, J., Niven, K. (2013). Discrimination and well-being in organisations: testing the differential power and organisational justice theories of workplace aggression. Journal of Business Ethics, 115(3), 617-634.

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Poetry - Essay Example â€Å"The Mending Wall† basically tells the story of two men, the narrator and his neighbor, and their annual ritual of walking along the wall between their two properties and mending the stone fence. He starts the poem by indicating how unnatural a wall is in the words â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall† (1). Within this single sentence, Frost has already managed to establish a rambling rhythm to his poem. The reader is forced to slow down and pay attention to the grammatically correct but unusual phrasing of this statement. As the story continues, this rhythm is punctuated by sudden bursts of energy from the narrator, â€Å"’Stay where you are until our backs are turned!† (19), answered by the steady beat of the neighbor’s response, the repetition of an old adage, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors† (27). Thus, if rhythm were light, we’d see steady pulses interrupted by sudden flashes of color rebuffed by an equally sudden, light-deadening gray wall. The rhythm of the poem is echoed by the symbolism of the poem. As the narrator tries to determine what it is that doesn’t love fences, he manages to convey the sense that it is something larger or deeper than the superficial elements he is naming: â€Å"The gaps I mean, / No one has seen them made or heard them made, / But at spring mending time we find them there† (9-11). This prompts the reader to begin thinking below the surface early in the poem and, as the narrator continues to discuss the mundane elements of rebuilding a fence that will only be falling down again ‘the moment their backs are turned’, the sense continues to build that the fence is not a physical fence at all, but a fence upon the mind. This is made much clearer by the end of the poem as the narrator, after several attempts at levity, watches his neighbor bringing more rocks

Managerial leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial leadership - Assignment Example ee engagement refers to increasing the motivation, and enthusiasm of employees, so that they are absorbed in their work, they make meaningful contributions to improve the work processes, and take they take positive action to increase the work level quality (Menguc, 2013, p. 2164). Organisations with higher levels of employee engagement experience high employee involvement in the work processes (Truss, 2013, p. 2659). Consequently, such organisations outperform other similar firms, where employees work to the rule (Mone, 2014, p. 43). This paper examines the role of leadership in increasing the level of employee engagement, the methods, and drivers to increase the engagement and examines important predictors, intellectual, social, and emotional capital, which helps to achieve higher employee engagement. While employee engagement, and a motivated workforce, that takes on extra responsibilities, while volunteering for extra work is desirable, the main task for the leadership is to obtain and channelize the employee interest and motivation, so that the organisation objectives are met (Saks & Gruman, 2013, p. 158). The second task of directing and focussing employee motivation to meet organisation objectives is facilitated by using structured work allocation, problem identification, brainstorming, group discussions, suggestion box, discussion forums, and by using work collaboration software (Shantz, 2013, p. 2613). However, the first task of motivating the staff, and increasing employee engagement is more challenging (Guest, 2013, p. 223), and, this topic remains the focus of this paper. This section critically reviews the literature on the subject of leadership responsibility and increasing employee engagement. In the discussion of employee engagement, three contexts become important, and these are intellectual, social, and emotional capital (Mone, 2014, p. 161). Intellectual capital refers to the intellectual property of an organisation, and it has two components

Acute Exacerbation Of A Diabetic Foot Ulcer Nursing Essay

Acute Exacerbation Of A Diabetic Foot Ulcer Nursing Essay This paper will critically analyse the care of a patient with an acute exacerbation of a long term condition. It will address the importance of carrying out a holistic assessment and will seek to justify the care plan put in place to manage the patients condition. Confidentiality has been maintained in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery guidelines (NMC 2008). Tom is a 72 year old gentleman who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 15 years ago. He was started on medication to manage his diabetes 7 years ago but due to his worsening blood glucose control he has since been converted to insulin one year ago. Tom had been independent with the management of his diabetes with support from his local GP surgery. Recently he developed an ulcer on his right foot with resultant wound infection which made him unable to attend his surgery. Due to the wound infection he had been finding it difficult to keep his blood sugar levels within acceptable limits so he was referred to my caseload for diabetes and wound management. Managing long term conditions has become a priority in healthcare particularly due to the increasing prevalence of diseases such as diabetes which requires a heavy use of resources (DoH 2007a, Singh Armstrong 2005). There is a need to encourage patients to be as active as possible in their care which will help reduce the need for hospital admission through empowering patients and promoting self care. There is evidence that patients who understand their condition through support from healthcare professionals and are allowed to contribute fully in their care will result in less incidence of acute exacerbation (DoH 2006). However there has been difficulty in providing the on-going support and care co-ordination in the community that could prevent crisis events from occurring in the first place. This has lead to a key focus on the ways that this can be achieved in practice through such services as community matrons, rapid response and 24 hour district nursing services (DoH 2007b). Relating this specifically to diabetes; the implementation of expert patient programmes and DESMOND (Diabetes education and self management for ongoing and newly diagnosed) have sought to reduce the incidence of acute exacerbations and diabetes related complications through patient education and empowerment (NHS Choices 2011a, DoH 2001a). The government have placed the care required for those with long term conditions into three main groups; case management, disease management and self care (DoH 2007b). In this case, Tom required disease management of his diabetes and self care interventions. Acute exacerbation can be defined as a medical crisis of a chronic illness (Strauss et al 1984). More recently it has been described as an acute presentation of an existing major illness (The Kings Fund 2010). In this situation Toms existing illness was diabetes and the acute presentation was the development of a diabetic foot ulcer that had become infected and affected his blood sugar control. Recent statistics show that the number of people with diabetes has risen from 1.4 million to 2.9 million since 1996 and it is expected to rise significantly over the next 15 years (Diabetes UK 2011). The research also shows that diabetic foot problems account for more hospital stays than all other diabetic related problems put together and affect between 4-10% of diabetics (NHS Diabetes 2012, DoH 2001). Preventing foot problems in diabetics has been a priority in the UK over the past 10 years which has been highlighted in government publications such as NICE guidance and the National Service Framework for Diabetes (NICE 2008, NICE 2004, DoH 2001a). Despite these publications a survey carried out in 2007 found that 23% of diabetics did not receive a foot check which has contributed to the introduction of the Putting Feet First Framework emphasising the need for appropriate assessment and management of diabetic feet (Diabetes UK 2011b). Mason et al (1999) indicate that patients who are at high risk of foot complications must be identified. The National Service Framework for Diabetes supports this view and indicates that patients must have annual foot checks and access to specialist foot care clinics with timely referrals (DoH 2001b). In my area of practice we have an integrated care pathway in place for diabetic foot wounds that aims to provide the patient with optimal care. An integrated care pathway involves a multidisciplinary approach for a specific condition that aims to ensure a seamless approach to care and helps healthcare professionals make clinical decisions (Middleton, Barnett Reeves 2001). As soon as Tom was under my caseload, I referred him straight away to the local diabetic foot clinic as the NICE guidance for foot care states that patients with an ulcer should be referred within 24 hours (NICE 2004). It was important that Tom received specialist input quickly as he currently had a localised infection which placed him at risk of systemic infection and amputation if the infection was not resolved (Edmonds Foster 2006). The foot clinic consisted of a team of podiatrists, Clinical Nurse Specialists in Diabetes, a Dietician and a Diabetologist. When Tom came back from his first appointment, he had already started on the integrated care pathway which we used as our primary documentation between services. This benefited Toms care as it improved the continuity and quality of the documentation (Roberts Middleton 2000, Renholm, Leion-Kilpi Suominen 2002). Also, due to having diabetes nurse specialists at the clinic this meant that his medication regime could be reviewed a s well as receiving specialist foot care. The aim was to reduce his blood sugar levels as the hyperglycaemia was preventing his ulcer from healing and there is a general consensus that improving glycaemic control improves wound healing and prevents the risk of acute complications (Mcintoish 2007, Meyer 1996). Through Tom seeing the multidisciplinary team in one environment and by utilising the ICP, this prevented his care from becoming fragmented. Also due to having access to specialist clinicians in the field of diabetic foot management this enabled him to receive expert advice and care. This was evident in the management of his wound infection where judicious prescribing of antibiotics took place by specialist clinicians (Timmons et al 2009). This was vital in preventing any further deterioration in Toms health and managing the acute exacerbation. Tom visited the foot clinic once a week and a wound care plan was constructed until a review needed to be carried out. This is where the importance of a holistic assessment took place taking into consideration the social, physical and psychological factors that impacted on the situation (Higgleton et al 1999). The research also indicates that the quality of holistic assessment is enhanced by ensuring the patient participates at all times (RCN 2004). By allowing Tom to contribute to the assessment process it enabled the care provided to become personalised and reflected his needs and not what we assumed them to be. Firstly it was vital that we carried out a physical wound assessment on each visit to Tom using the assessment tool in the integrated care pathway. It was important that we used the same assessment tool with an effective understanding of its use as studies have shown that nurses fail to assess wounds effectively (Dowsett 2009, Mcintosh Ousey 2008). Through using the integrated pathway it meant that all nursing staff were using the same assessment tools which ensured effective continuity of care. Nixon et al (2006) found that those who had a diabetic foot ulcer were 5.1 times more likely to have been wearing poorly fitting shoes and this was evident in Toms assessment with the Podiatrist. In the integrated pathway it was documented that he had a high degree of peripheral neuropathy after an assessment was carried out and his shoes were ill fitting. The presence of neuropathy had contributed to the formation of the ulcer as Tom was not able to feel the damaging pressure on his foot caused by inappropriate footwear. This situation needed intervention so he had full assessment of his feet and given choices on available footwear that took into account his preferences. Holistic assessment was a key factor in ensuring concordance as the footwear that the Podiatrist wanted him to wear may not have been agreeable to Tom and he may have refrained from wearing them continuously as directed. This would have lead to a further deterioration in the ulcer condition but through effective par tnership working they were able to come to a joint decision that was acceptable to Tom and the Podiatrist. This ensured that the assessment took into account his physical, social and psychological needs. Preventing deterioration in the foot ulcer had started with the assessment of his feet and footwear but it required more intervention in the form of patient education. Valk et al (2005) found that providing patients with information and education positively influences their behaviour to take responsibility for their foot health. This meant ensuring that Tom carried out things such as regular skin care and nail care and empowered him to take ownership of his care (DoH 2001).The only difficulty with checking his feet daily was that he was unable to bend down to apply any moisturising cream to his feet which was dealt with by assessing his social support network. He did not have any close relatives but he made the decision to obtain a private carer to help him with this twice a week. Toms current active foot ulcer and increased education from the multi-disciplinary team on the high risk of amputation had enabled him to make an informed decision to prevent further deterioration. Central to promoting the healing of diabetic foot ulcers is ensuring adequate nutrition (Thompson Furhrman 2005) but often the quality of nutritional assessments carried out in practice are poor (Johnstone 2006, Cartwright 2002). NICE guidance clearly states that diabetics with foot problems should receive specialist dietary advice (NICE 2008). In the foot clinic Tom was able to be seen by a dietician who was able to carry out a comprehensive assessment and plan of care that would help improve his dietary lifestyle with the aim to improve his blood sugar control. A significant factor in the nutritional assessment was that it was ongoing whereby he would see the dietician every other week to determine his progress. Tom had been managing his diabetes independently prior to his foot ulceration and it was vital that he carried on doing so where possible. Promoting self care was not simply providing Tom with relevant information and education about his condition; it was also about increasing his confidence (DoH 2009). Due to the uncontrolled blood sugars he had to be started on new insulin and he felt that he needed some support and supervision. A survey found that only 38% of diabetics received any psychological support during their care (DoH 2008) so it was at this point that we needed to provide him with the psychological and social support to sustain his self care. Together we were able to form a care plan that would be reviewed on a weekly basis. The district nursing team would visit him when his insulin was due to provide support and ensure he was injecting correctly. The support given to Tom needed to be tailored to his requirements by ensuring that information was given in the correct format (Mcintosh 2008). Those patients who have lived with diabetes for many years often have some form of reduced eyesight secondary to diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy (NHS choices 2011b). In Toms care he had reduced eyesight but he was still able to read with prescription glasses. This assessment showed that he would benefit from written leaflets but this needed to be followed up with verbal consultations. I gave him the necessary leaflets on diabetic foot care but ensured that we enabled him to ask questions if he felt this was necessary when we visited him at home. The primary aim was to meet his needs effectively and create optimal self care through education and empowerment. This assignment has critically examined the management of an acute exacerbation of diabetes with the assistance of a specialist foot clinic. Through timely referral processes, multidisciplinary input and the use of an integrated pathway it allowed the exacerbation to be controlled and managed in the community without the need for hospital care. This is particularly pertinent when the research describes the prevalence of diabetes and the intensive resources it frequently requires from secondary care to manage the acute complications of this condition. This episode of care has shown the positive effects of a specialist diabetic foot clinic which emphasises the need standardised care and access to this service across the UK. It has demonstrated how joined up care in the community helps to ensure a seamless approach to patient care in relation to a long term condition. This paper has also identified the importance of holistic assessment in the management of diabetic foot ulceration which ensures patients needs are fully addressed and assists them in achieving optimal self care. There needs to be an emphasis on educating and empowering patients but this must be provided in the correct format taking into account the patients requirements and literacy needs at all times.

Fun With Starters :: essays research papers

The function of the starting system is to crank the engine to start it. The system is composed of the starter motor, starter relay (also called a solenoid), battery, switch and connecting wires. Turning the ignition key to the start position sends a signal to the starter relay through the starter control circuit. The starter relay then connects the battery to the starter. The battery supplies the electrical energy to the starter motor, which does the actual work of cranking the engine. This is pretty standard in most all-domestic and foreign autos. The starter on the 1987 Ford Thunderbird is relatively easy to change out for the home mechanic; all you need is a little patience, a socket set, and a little elbow grease. If you don’t know anything about auto repair then stop reading immediately and take your car to a qualified mechanic. Now for the folks with a little experience in dealing with the legendary P.O.S. that is the Ford Thunderbird, the first step is deciding whether or not you have a problem. If the starter motor doesn’t turn at all when the ignition switch is operated, make sure the shift lever is in neutral or park. The automatic transmission T-Birds of this model year comes equipped with a neutral start switch in the starter control circuit. This prevents operation of the starter motor unless the vehicle is in neutral or park. If your ride is equipped with a manual transmission, make sure the clutch pedal is completely depressed when starting. Next make sure that the battery is charged and all the battery and starter relay wires are secure. Now if the starter motor spins but the engine doesn’t turn over, then the bendix or drive assembly is slipping and the starter motor needs to be replaced. Okay, so all of that checked out swell for you. Well now we’ll move on to the relay switch. If when the key is turned, the starter relay clicks but the starter motor doesn’t turn at all then the problem lies with either the battery, the starter relay or the starter motor connections, or the starter itself. If the starter relay doesn’t click when you try to crank the engine, either the starter relay circuit is open or the relay itself is history. To check the relay, remove the push-on connector from the relay wire. This little sucker

How to write a winning personal statement for graduate and professional school Essay

Perhaps the architecture is the most challenging and interesting course anyone interested in becoming an architect must undergo. I love architecture as it is influential in creativity, thus shaping our physical environment and promoting design solutions in terms of sustainable regeneration programmes linked to public building, housing and urban design. I am an ambitious, challenge oriented and hardworking person with desires to become a qualified architect. Indeed, my life in the city of Shiraz, Iran has led to my motivation of the architectural environment. My father was an engineer and since my childhood, I admired his engineering works and in most cases offered my help to him. As a result, this great experience led to my desires to learn design and structural things. During my time living in the city of Tehran, I witnessed the high degree of expansion of the city, and this made me appreciate the wonderful architectural knowledge and structure of buildings in the city. Numerous individuals have obtained their post-secondary architectural education in UK and became great professionals with new and innovative ideas widely accepted and appreciated in Iran. Likewise, the UK has promoted energy saving techniques globally, and this led to my decision to study in the country as energy saving and sustainability is important (Irving & Malik, 2005). Having studied sciences and mathematics in secondary school, I felt that I had a solid engineering foundation. Essentially, geometry that was my favorite topic followed a design course that shaped my drawing and design talent. In my free time, I have always taken close interest in architectural matters by practicing drawing and design. Therefore, my passion is based on turning architecture into a career, and I hope enrolling for an architecture undergraduate degree in UK is significant for achieving my dream. As I am about to conclude on my current course in architecture, I consider enrolling for MBA for my postgraduate degree education. Lastly, I believe that my existing skill and experience coupled with my hardworking nature and commitment would provide me the platform to excel in my MBA that I am about to enroll. Business Administration Personal Statement My commitment in enrolling in masters in MBA reflects an investment in my future that will help fill my knowledge gap, as well as offer a platform for the next step in my career. MBA is probably the widely recognized and the best course sought after management qualification. With the obligation of interacting with different cultures worldwide, this course would provide me with a practical hands-on experience that will prepare my career after the university. Management is a key tool in any field of study and challenges are also bound to occur. However, enrolling in this course will make me a better professional and develop my potential and finally realize my career dreams. Developing a career as Berman (2013) writes, requires cross-cultural interaction. I have the ability to express personal opinions and ideas. This is significant for succeeding in an environment where interpretation of opinions and ideas of other people is instrumental.In particular, good communication has assisted m e during my foundation year as a student in UK. I worked as part of a multicultural group and most recently conducted an anthropological research project that has also upgraded my cultural knowledge and interaction. The research project included designing a survey using a questionnaire to be completed by the local people we approached in the city center of Cambridge. The study findings were presented using PowerPoint presentation and indeed working with such a group was highly rewarding. Besides, I captained The Qods Tennis Club in Tehran and also practiced music and playing guitar.Currently, I consider enrolling for an MBA course with a realistic time frame to fully enjoy and appreciate my studies. Indeed, one of the most activities I enjoy in my professional life is empowering other through leadership. Leading groups provides me the opportunity to to develop my colleagues and enhance their skills. Having successfully captained a tennis team and spearheaded my research project, I c onsider the potential traits of leadership that has provided me with the ability to significantly lead in various capacities. As such I have developed a sincere interest in leadership, and in particular, running groups. Likewise, enrolling for MBA course is essential for fulfilling my business and financial career dreams. Besides, my personal quality incorporates high standards of respect, commitment, and attitude to work, good communication and proven ability to make good judgments, be innovative and work well under pressure. Therefore, having evaluated my career interest, I believe it would be an interesting idea to shift from architectural to MBA. I consider MBA a comprehensive career as even the traits of leadership, financial management, and the entire business world is intertwined with any career, architecture included. I have a good time in UK Cambridge University because of the teaching quality and the highest professionals standards f the courses offered. Besides, I believe the UK your MBA teaching in strengthened by world-class research that provides postgraduates authoritative and innovative approaches to theory and practice (Stelzer, 1997). References Berman, S. J. (2013). Pass the bar: A practical guide to achieving academic and professional goals. Irving, B. A., & Malik, B. (2005). Critical reflections on career education and guidance: Promoting social justice within a global economy. London: Routledge Falmer. Stelzer, R. J. (1997). How to write a winning personal statement for graduate and professional school. Princeton, N.J: Peterson’s. Source document